WASTELAND PROPS

Laser Cutter Alignment

Starting…
Layout: tube along the back, Mirror 2 on the left end of the gantry — near = gantry back.
Not aligned yet

Alignment test, one step at a time

Step 1 of 8 — Safety

00

Before you touch a screw

  • Clean and inspect all three mirrors and the lens
  • Confirm the tube is clamped firmly
  • Put foil behind the tape
  • Use low pulse power
  • CO₂-rated glasses on
  • Machine on a hard floor or pads — not carpet
  • Tube high-voltage joint sealed — no clips

The next step checks the frame — twist first, then the rails, then gantry squareness. Do all mechanical work with the machine unplugged.

01

Frame and level — before any mirror

A twisted cabinet puts a diagonal into the four corners: two opposite corners agree with each other and disagree with the other two. No mirror setting can take that out, so get the machine flat first.

    Angle gauge along the travel

    Power off. Zero a digital angle gauge on the gantry with the gantry at the front, then push it back by hand and read it in the middle and at the back.

    Enter the front and back readings.

    Right-hand roller drag

    Slide a strip of paper under the right roller at each point and compare the drag.

    Pick a feel for each point.

    Feet guide — from the head test

    Record all four lens-seat burns in the head test to get a direction for the feet.

    Never force a rail to fit. If the gantry binds when you raise one end of a rail, the cabinet is twisted. Fix it at the feet, re-test, and only then trim the rail to suit the gantry.

    Checklist0 / 6
    ResultNot checked
    02

    Mirror 1 — near/far at Mirror 2

    Right-side beam: Mirror 2 is on the right end of the gantry; near = gantry back.

    Mirror 2 tape — near / far

    Pulse near and far
    0°

    Fit the cyan circle to the reference ring. Detection runs when you release it.

    This runs the correction in the simulation only. It shows the exact turns to make — then turn the real screws on your machine by those amounts.

    Near/far gap—
    ResultPulse both ends
    Numerical screw hint appears after both pulses.

    If near and far overlap but the middle does not, suspect a bent or misaligned Y rail — not a mirror.

    03

    Mirror 2 — left/right at Mirror 3

    Tape Mirror 3, pulse with the head at both ends of the gantry, and bring the two dots together with Mirror 2's screws.

    Mirror 3 tape — left / right

    Pulse left and right
    0°

    Fit the cyan circle to the reference ring. Detection runs when you release it.

    This runs the correction in the simulation only. It shows the exact turns to make — then turn the real screws on your machine by those amounts.

    Left/right gap—
    ResultPulse both sides
    Numerical screw hint appears after both pulses.

    After alignment, verify at the other end of the gantry. A residual that changes with Y is mechanical.

    04

    Mirror 3 — centre the nozzle

    Tape the nozzle tip, press it to leave an exit indent, then pulse at bed centre and centre the burn on that indent.

    Do this with the lens out first. If the burn is centred lens-out but off with the lens in, the lens is the cause, not Mirror 3 — the Lens and nozzle step proves it.

    Nozzle tape — burn / exit centre

    Pulse at bed centre
    0°

    Fit the cyan circle to the reference ring. Detection runs when you release it.

    This runs the correction in the simulation only. It shows the exact turns to make — then turn the real screws on your machine by those amounts.

    Nozzle offset—
    ResultNot pulsed
    Tape the nozzle tip and press it first to leave an exit indent.
    05

    Laser alignment — bring the beam in

    Mirrors aligned. If the beam is still off-centre, shift the laser tube to bring it in — moving the tube shifts the whole beam sideways; it does not change any angles.

    Checking where the beam lands…

    Each press shifts the tube 0.25 mm and the model slides with it — watch the tube move and the whole beam path follow. These are the same values as the Tube Y / Z nudge sliders in Setup, and the two stay in sync. Shifting the tube clears earlier pulse marks, so re-pulse near and far afterwards: both fresh dots will have moved together by the same amount.

    Beam off-centre at Mirror 2—
    ResultNot checked
    The centre target is the ring printed on Mirror 2's tape in the model — walk the beam onto it.

    When the near and far dots sit together on the centre ring, the beam is centred. The four-corner test is next — it proves the whole bed, not just one tape.

    06

    Four-corner head test — lens out

    The test that tells mirror error from frame error. Take the lens out, tape the lens seat and the nozzle tip, pulse once in each corner, then record where every burn landed.

    How to tape and read it
    1. Remove the lens. Put tape over the lens seat (where the lens sits) and over the nozzle tip, pressed on so the edges leave an indent.
    2. Trace both circles in pencil, then draw a short tick pointing at Mirror 2 and an F on the front edge — before you peel anything.
    3. Low power, short pulse, once in each corner. Fresh tape every corner, labelled BL, BR, FL, FR.
    4. Tap where each burn sits on the target. Or upload a photo, fit the ring to your pencil circle and let it find the burn. Turn the photo until the tick points at Mirror 2; if the F is then at the top, press Flip.
    5. No burn at all? Press No mark. Pale or partial? Press Faint. Both are results — they mean the beam is being clipped.

    Back-left · lens seat (lens out)

    Tap where the burn is

    Enter the diameters of the circles you traced — the burn is measured against them.

    Spread between corners (seat)—
    ResultNot recorded

    Rounds

    After each change — a foot, a mirror — re-pulse the four corners and save a round. The trend shows whether you are going the right way.

    Model check — fire all four in the 3D simulation
    Biggest difference between corners—
    ResultNot tested

    Press “Fire all four” — the beam pulses once in each corner, and the four marks are compared.

    Where each mark landed

    CornerOff left–rightOff up–down
    Run the four-corner test
    07

    Lens and nozzle — lens in

    With the head test passing lens-out, fit the lens and prove it. A lens sitting off-centre or tilted bends the beam into the nozzle wall; turning it 180° shows whether the lens is the cause.

    1. Fit the lens domed side up, toward Mirror 3, seated flat. Retaining ring snug, not tight.
    2. Tape the nozzle tip, press it to leave the exit indent, trace the circle and tick toward Mirror 2. Pulse at bed centre and record it as A.
    3. Pencil a mark on the lens edge, turn the lens half a turn in its holder, fresh tape, pulse again and record it as B.

    Pulse A — lens as fitted

    Tap where the burn is
    Lens part — turns with the lens—
    Fixed part — head, Mirror 3, nozzle—

    Final proof — lens in, all four corners

    Tip tape at each corner, one pulse each. Small, round, centred and equally dark everywhere is the finish line.

    Final corners0 / 4 centred
    ResultNot recorded
    Why it works — how the beam crosses the head

    Side view through the head. Entry height moves the lens seat and the lens-out tip together but hardly moves the lens-in tip. A tilted Mirror 3 moves everything more the further down you go. A lens off-centre moves only the lens-in tip — which is exactly what the 180° turn isolates.

    0.0 mm
    0.00°
    0.0 mm

    The report gathers your tape photos, gaps, the frame checks, the head test diagnosis and pass/fail for every step.

    Tape photos stay in this browser session; nothing is uploaded. For best measurement, photograph the tape straight-on and fill the frame.

    Mirror screws

    These are the screws themselves — the same three sit on each mirror mount in the model above, and the two adjusters per mirror are the ones that turn. Drag a screw in a circle, use its −1/8 / +1/8 buttons, or focus it and press the arrow keys. Hovering or focusing a screw zooms the model to that mirror and lights the matching screw on it. Changes here move the simulation only.

    Position

    Gantry Y
    220 mm
    Head X
    300 mm

    Keyboard: ← / → jog head X · ↑ / ↓ jog gantry Y · 10 mm per press, or 1 mm with Shift. Open Beam view or this section and click in it first.

    220 mm
    300 mm
    Mirror 2 tape—
    Mirror 3 tape—

    Machine profiles

    Profiles stay in this session. Export a JSON copy to keep them, then import it next time.

    typical — verify against your machine

    Current setup is active.

    Beam side

    Beam side

    Alignment presets

    Mechanical (advanced)

    Tube Y/Z nudge translates dots together — centring only, after the mirrors.

    Mechanical guidance — read the pattern, not just one dot.
    Opposite dot drift from back to front points at frame twist or gantry skew, not mirrors. Check frame twist first, then Y-rail parallelism, then gantry squareness. A middle miss after the ends overlap points at rail straightness. Two diagonal corners off the same way is a frame twist no mirror can remove — the four-corner head test measures it and Frame and level says which feet to raise.

    Display and motion

    High contrast strengthens text and borders. Reduce motion stops the beam shimmer and pulse flash. Both follow your system settings where those are set. Tape overlays show or hide the tape stuck on Mirrors 2 and 3 and under the nozzle in the 3D model — hiding it never affects your tape photos, measurements or test results.

    A session file holds the screws, position, tape photos, measured dots and test results. Loading one restores the whole setup. Reset everything returns every screw and mechanical control to zero and clears photos and results; it cannot be undone.

    The alignment report gathers your tape photos, measured gaps, every correction and the pass/fail result for each step.